IMPRESSIONISM - was a 19th century art movement that began as a loose association of
Paris-based artists, who began exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s. The name of the
movement is derived from the title of a Claude Monet work, Impression, Sunrise (Impression,
soleil levant), which provoked the critic Louis Leroy to coin the term in a satiric review
published in Le Charivari.
Characteristics of Impressionist painting include visible brushstrokes, open composition,
emphasis on light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of
time), ordinary subject matter, the inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human
perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.
INCANDESCENT LAMP - A light in which the glow is produced by an electric current heating a
filament material. Incandescence is the release of visible light from a hot body due to its high
temperature (black body radiation). It is therefore visible thermal radiation (compare this to
the invisible infrared radiation from the human body).
The filament of an incandescent light bulb heats up due to resistance to the electrical current.
This heated filament releases visible light in the form of black body radiation. Pure white light
(daylight) is released at about 6,500 kelvin (yellow light comes from a cooler filament). This is
why the color temperature of a computer monitor is often set to 6,500 K (D65).
INTERMEDIATE COLORS - Colors made by mixing a primary and an adjacent secondary
color - yellow-orange, red-orange, red-violet, blue-violet etc
ILLUMINATED CEILING - Dropped from the top of the room, lit from above with a series of
bulbs
INDIVIDUALITY - Most admired and admirable quality that can be added to decoration, for it
implies the exertion of a well-developed personal taste for which there can be no suggested
substitute
ITALIANATE - Synonymous with free thinking, free wheeling, free form when it comes to the
arts of decoration. Since the early 1950's, the Italian designers have contributed a kind of vim,
vigor and imagination to decorative arts.
IVORY -
Ivory is elephant tusks (the large, upper incisor teeth), which used to be carved into beautiful
jewelry, trinkets, and piano keys. The finest ivory is the white African elephant ivory; Asian
elephant ivory is yellower. Ivory has a complex characteristic grain which helps distinguish it
from imitations. Using ivory is now banned since elephants are in danger of going extinct.
Other tusk-like material is often substituted for ivory, including walrus tusks, whale teeth,
hippopotamus teeth, animal bone, palm seed, and more recently, plastics. Vegetable ivory
comes from the inner seed of the South American ivory palm and was used for small items,
like dice. Synthetic ivory is made from plastics (like celluloid) and is called "French Ivory,"
Ivoride, Ivorine, or "Genuine French Ivory."
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